NDM-TCP: Correction, Clarification, and Real Performance Results

Author: Muhammed Shafin P Date: 14th February 2026 Test System: Xubuntu 24.04 LTS, Linux Kernel 6.11.0 Important Correction and Apology I need to correct and clarify statements made in my previous article titled "NDM-TCP vs TCP Cubic vs TCP Reno: Bandwidth-Constrained Network Performance Analysis" which has been removed from publication. What I Got Wrong: The Cross-Connection Learning Claim The Incorrect Statement: In the removed article, I showed separate "Run 1" and "Run 2" tests and claimed NDM-TCP learned from the first run and improved performance in the second run. This was technically impossible and misleading. Why It Was Wrong: NDM-TCP's initialization function resets all internal state to zero every time a new TCP connection starts. Each separate iperf3 test creates a new connection, which means: All neural network state resets to zero No learning carries over between separate tests Performance differences were due to normal network variation, not learning The Missing Componen